What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?

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ArrayList vs LinkedList in Java

Both ArrayList and LinkedList are implementations of the List interface in Java, but they differ in internal structure and performance.

• Internal Structure:

  • ArrayList uses a dynamic array internally.

  • LinkedList uses a doubly linked list.

• Access Time:

  • ArrayList provides O(1) time for random access using an index.

  • LinkedList requires O(n) time to access an element, as traversal is needed.

• Insertion/Deletion:

  • ArrayList is slower for insertions/deletions in the middle (O(n)) because elements must be shifted.

  • LinkedList is faster for frequent insertions/deletions (O(1)) if the position is known.

• Memory Usage:

  • ArrayList uses less memory since it stores only data.

  • LinkedList uses more memory as it stores data plus pointers (prev, next).

When to use:

• Use ArrayList for frequent reads.

• Use LinkedList for frequent inserts/deletes.

In short: ArrayList = fast access, LinkedList = fast modification.

Read More:

What is inheritance?

What is encapsulation?

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